Bacillus subtilis, or hay bacillus, is one of the best-characterized Gram-positive bacteria in molecular biology research. This environmental species, also present in the human digestive tract, is commonly used as a component of probiotics. This bacterium has fully sequenced genome and is naturally competent, which means the ability to accept foreign genetic material by transformation. The ease of genetic manipulation enables to utilize it for the production of different types of proteins originating from other organisms. Another feature of B. subtilis is the ability to form spores, which is a physiological process triggered in response to adverse environmental conditions. Spores are the most durable cell structures produced by living organisms on Earth. They are able to survive high temperatures, extreme pressure, space vacuum, UV radiation, and potentially even a meteorite strike.
Polish-Italian team
Researchers from the Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG&MUG for several years work on the use of B. subtilis spores as carriers of antigens of human pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori and Clostridium difficile. For ten years, the Polish team closely cooperates with prof. Ezio Ricca from the Department of Biology at the Federico II University of Naples, which is one of the world leaders in the use of B. subtilis spores as carriers (i.e. of tetanus toxin and rotavirus proteins). The Italian team also specializes in the study of the structure and composition of the outer spore coat, where the heterologous proteins are directly exposed. Currently ongoing twinning, thus the two-way secondments of reserachers, is financed under the project MOBI4Health (7th EU Framework Programme), which aims to increase the potential of the Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG&MUG in the field of molecular biotechnology. Federico II University of Naples is one of the ten European partners of IFB within the project. What especially an international cooperation provides? - A big part of research work does not end successfully, by means of an article in a scientific journal. The access to “unpublished” knowledge is as important as access to libraries – responds the Head of the Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Prof. Michał Obuchowski.
Benefits, benefits, benefits...
Thanks to their properties, B. subtilis spores seem to be the ideal carrier of potential antigens for immunization. Such specimens are resistant to digestion, which enables an oral administration. The powder or tablet could be simply swallowed, which is a good news for people who do not enjoy injections and also there is no need to provide aseptic environment during administration. Spores do not require special storage conditions, which may be important in case of transport to distant locations, disaster areas and third world countries. This positively affect the cost of storage and transport. The whole process of production (culture), in fact, is based solely on the ability to achieve physiological stage of dormant metabolism, which can be triggered simply by depletion of nutrients in the culture medium.
Close enough to success?
Projects implemented so far in the Department of Molecular Bacteriology helped to create a system of vectors enabling quick and easy creation of fusion proteins for the surface presentation (Tavassoli 2013; Hinc 2013; Negri 2013; Iwanicki 2014; Hinc 2014). The first Polish patent for the use of spores in the vaccination against H. pylori was granted in 2014, another are pending. A streak of success is unfortunately not free from difficulties encountered. The first work describing the subject appeared in the late 90s of last century. Therefore, the idea is not new, which is a challenge in the pervasive requirement for innovation. - We are now trying to raise funds to continue this path of research - says Prof. Michał Obuchowski. - This can be compared to climbing: the number of mountains on Earth is limited, and yet we still have reports of entering a new road or other conditions, and this is considered as a novelty. This methodology is similar. Each protein has its own unique characteristics which is challenging for the researcher wishing to expose it on the spore surface.
Another difficulties are of legislation nature, because the sporulating bacteria presenting foreign antigens are, in accordance with applicable law, genetically modified organisms. Prof. Obuchowski, however, is an optimist. – The atmosphere surrounding GMO is similar to the situation that took place during the introduction of the railroad. There were also famous academics who claimed that just watching the fast train in motion may cause conjunctivitis. Over time, the public accepted the existence of railways, and so it will be for GM organisms. Unfortunately, nobody will give us back the time lost by impractical regulations.
Monika Kossakowska-Zwierucho
Guest
2021-09-14 16:57:58 +0200
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Guest
2018-10-08 16:29:38 +0200
After being in relationship with Wilson for seven years,he broke up with me, I did everything possible to bring him back but all was in vain, I wanted him back so much because of the love I have for him, I begged him with everything, I made promises but he refused. I explained my problem to someone online and she suggested that I should contact a spell caster that could help me cast a spell to bring him back but I am the type that don't believed in spell, I had no choice than to try it, I meant a spell caster called Dr Zuma zuk and I email him, and he told me there was no problem that everything will be okay before three days, that my ex will return to me before three days, he cast the spell and surprisingly in the second day, it was around 4pm. My ex called me, I was so surprised, I answered the call and all he said was that he was so sorry for everything that happened, that he wanted me to return to him, that he loves me so much. I was so happy and went to him, that was how we started living together happily again. Since then, I have made promise that anybody I know that have a relationship problem, I would be of help to such person by referring him or her to the only real and powerful spell caster who helped me with my own problem and who is different from all the fake ones out there. Anybody could need the help of the spell caster, his email: spiritualherbalisthealing@gmail.com or call him +2348164728160 you can email him if you need his assistance in your relationship or anything. CONTACT HIM NOW FOR SOLUTION TO ALL YOUR PROBLEMS
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Guest
2016-12-06 20:18:29 +0100
This is super funny.
For about one second I thought that the comments above were real
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Guest
2016-10-22 09:04:48 +0200
How I Got My Ex Husband Back...........
I am Shannon by name. Greetings to every one that is reading this testimony. I have been rejected by my husband after three(3) years of marriage just because another woman had a spell on him and he left me and the kid to suffer. one day when i was reading through the web, i saw a post on how this spell caster on this address Makospelltemple@yahoo.com , have help a woman to get back her husband and i gave him a reply to his address and he told me that a woman had a spell on my husband and he told me that he will help me and after 2 days that i will have my husband back. i believed him and today i am glad to let you all know that this spell caster have the power to bring lovers back. because i am now happy with my husband. Thanks for Dr.Mako. His email: Makospelltemple@yahoo.com OR. his phone number: +2348108737816.
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Guest
2016-10-22 09:04:26 +0200
Getting my Ex back my name is Sarah Ryan. I've known Johnson for years, When we finally got together things were kind of weird so we broke up which was in February of 2013 In June of 2014 he and I recently got back together and we were together until march of 2015 which he told me he was not interested in relationship again During that time I changed completely, I wasn't eating,I was sleeping a lot, I wasn't talking to anybody, I cried a lot,I'm so depressed and stressed out that I'm scared I'm going to end up in the hospital because of all the stress and depression until one day i search online on getting love tips because I Love & care about him deeply and I just want us to be together as a couple again and I want us to last forever Google recommend me superlovespell@gmail.com that he will solve my relationship problem then Dr super told me he will come back to me between 48hrs after he cast spell on him never believe it until my fiance called me on the phone and told me he want us to come back and live happy together forever , Am so happy now that DR SUPER, help me bring Johnson back to me. Thanks so much( Dr Super) his email: superlovespell@gmail.com or call him :+2347054263874
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Guest
2016-04-03 04:31:06 +0200
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Guest
2016-04-03 02:52:57 +0200
'After being in relationship with Wilson for seven years,he broke up with me, I did everything possible to bring him back but all was in vain, I wanted him back so much because of the love I have for him, I begged him with everything, I made promises but he refused. I explained my problem to someone online and she suggested that I should contact a spell caster that could help me cast a spell to bring him back but I am the type that don't believed in spell, I had no choice than to try it, I meant a spell caster called Dr Zuma zuk and I email him, and he told me there was no problem that everything will be okay before three days, that my ex will return to me before three days, he cast the spell and surprisingly in the second day, it was around 4pm. My ex called me, I was so surprised, I answered the call and all he said was that he was so sorry for everything that happened, that he wanted me to return to him, that he loves me so much. I was so happy and went to him, that was how we started living together happily again. Since then, I have made promise that anybody I know that have a relationship problem, I would be of help to such person by referring him or her to the only real and powerful spell caster who helped me with my own problem and who is different from all the fake ones out there. Anybody could need the help of the spell caster, his email: spiritualherbalisthealing@gmail.com or call him +2349055637784 you can email him if you need his assistance in your relationship or anything. CONTACT HIM NOW FOR SOLUTION TO ALL YOUR PROBLEMS'
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