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How cancer cells can interact with each other?
Publish date: 2015-01-28
Interactions between cells are of crucial importance for the proper functioning of tissues and the whole multicellular organisms. During pathological processes, such as cancer progression, alterations in cell-cell adhesion are very common. The molecular events underlying these changes must be deeply investigated in order to develop efficient anti-cancer therapies.
Tags: junction , Jonas Fuxe , epithelium , interaction , cancer
A proper organization of tissues is dependent on direct interactions of cells with each other or with extracellular matrix. Transient connections are formed e.g. during inflammation between cells of immune system whereas stable ones are indispensable for tissue integrity, for instance, correct structure of epithelial sheets. When intercellular adhesion is disrupted, the cells may become “invasive”. Such a process is reported to be involved in development and progression of cancer.
The interaction between cells is possible thanks to various types of integral membrane proteins ,cell-adhesion molecule (CAMs), such as cadherins, selectins or integrins. The clusters of CAPs form so called junctions, which can be classified as tight junction, gap junction, cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions.
Tight junctions are responsible for connections of plasma membranes of neighboring cells in a sheet, therefore, preventing small molecule leakage into the extracellular space. In contrast, gap junctions connecting cytoplasm of adjacent cells enable molecules and ions to diffuse between cells as they serve as open channels. Hence, gap junctions play important roles in metabolic activities and electric communication.
As the epithelium is a tissue most commonly affected by cancer, it is intensively investigated inter alia in terms of cell-cell adhesion abnormalities. Epithelial cells are organized in adjoining sheets comprising of polarized cells limited by basement membrane, which separates them from the stroma. Disorganization of the epithelium interaction with stroma may trigger the process of carcinogenesis. Due to the loss of cellular adhesion, cells can enter the blood or lymphatic circulatory system and metastasize. There are numerous reports suggesting that CAMs might be associated with invasive process in different human cancers. Dr Jonas Fuxe, associate professor at the Department of MBB in Karolinska Institute emphasizes the importance of cell-cell communication among cancer cells.
Further studies unveiling mechanisms of cell-cell interactions in normal and pathological states are necessary in order to provide novel diagnostic strategies as well as efficient therapies directed against particular type of cancer.
Sources:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21599/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218541
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/raven6b/graphics/raven06b/other/raven06b_07.pdf
Maciej Smolarz
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